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3~6岁儿童“三维动作”能力测评体系研究

来源:用户上传      作者:庄弼 李孟宁 荆鹏飞 刘建进

  摘 要:基于《3~6岁儿童学习与发展指南》“三维动作”发展目标,建立了3~6岁儿童“三维动作”能力测量指标和评价体系。研究表明:3~6岁儿童“三维动作”能力的测评体系,能够较有效地了解和评价3~6岁儿童“三维动作”能力,可为幼儿园检验体育教学及户外体育活动效果提供测评指标,为检查幼儿园办园质量提供检测及评价指标体系,为广大幼儿园贯彻落实“指南”提供科学依据和参考。
  关 键 词:幼儿教育;3~6岁儿童;“三维动作”能力;测评体系
  中图分类号:G804.6 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-7116(2022)04-0131-07
  The research on the evaluation system of the three-dimensional action ability
  for 3 to 6-year-old children
  ZHUANG Bi1, 2,LI Mengning3,JING Pengfei4,LIU Jianjin5
  (1.School of Physical Education,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510641,China;
  2.Innovation Development Research Center of School Physical Education in Guangdong;Guangzhou 510641,China;3.Dongguan Changan Experimental Middle School,Dongguan 523000,China;4.Taishan Taishi Senior High School,Jiangmen 529000,China;5.Guangdong Vocational Institute of Sport,Guangzhou 510663,China)
  Abstract: Based on the development goal of "three-dimensional action" in the "3-6 children's learning and development guide", this paper establishes a measurement index and evaluation system of "three-dimensional action" ability of children aged from 3 to 6 years old on the basis of the literature and practical research. The research shows that the evaluation system of "three-dimensional action" ability of children aged from 3 to 6 years old can effectively understand and evaluate the "three-dimensional action" ability of children aged from 3 to 6 years old, providing evaluation indicators for kindergartens to test the effect of physical education teaching and outdoor sports activities, and also providing a system of testing and evaluation indicators for checking the quality of kindergartens, so as to provide scientific basis and reference for kindergartens to implement the "guidelines".
  Keywords: early chilclhood education;3 to 6-year-old children;“3D”action ability;evaluation system
  2012年教育部颁发了《3~6岁儿童学习与发展指南》(下称“指南”),明确提出幼儿健康领域动作发展目标是重点发展3~6岁儿童身体发展敏感期的动作内容[1],即通过幼儿的平衡、灵敏与协调、力量与持久力等3个方面(下称“三维动作”)的动作练习,发展幼儿“三维动作”能力。然而目前缺乏科学、准确的评价幼儿“三维动作”能力和发展水平的测试指标。2000年国家体育总局、国家国民体质检测中心制定了《国民体质测定标准手册(幼儿部分)》(下称“体质手册”),有关幼儿的体质测试指标分别是立定跳远、网球掷远、坐位体前屈、10米折返跑、走平衡木和双脚连续跳[2],通过这些指标分别测量和评价幼儿粗大动作水平,这些指标及评价一直被沿用至今。“体质手册”的测试指标在一定程度能够反映幼儿的体能发展水平,但评价指标较少,个别指标显成人化倾向,未能全面反映《指南》分年龄段学习以及幼儿动作发展要求,更不能嗜凡馄3~6岁儿童“三维动作”发展能力。根据《幼儿园教育指导纲要(试行)》指出:“幼儿的行为表现和发展变化具有重要的评价意义,教师应视之为重要的评价信息和改进工作的依据。”[3]本研究试图通过文献资料、问卷调查、行动实践等方法,建立3~6岁儿童“三维动作”能力测评体系(下称“测评体系”),弥补“体质手册”评价指标体系的不足,为广大幼儿园贯彻落实“指南”动作发展要求,为教师科学制定幼儿“三维动作”能力发展计划提供依据和参考。

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