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地震响应分析

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  作者简介:宋波(1962),男,山东招远人,教授,博士研究生导师,工学博士,Email:songbo@ces.ustb.edu.cn。
  考虑潮位及动水压力影响的在役海上风电塔
  摘要:为了准确评价潮间带海上在役风电塔结构在地震作用下的动力特性,以某1 000 MW近海及潮间带风电场的风电塔为研究对象,考虑潮位和动水压力影响,对其进行了地震响应分析。基于附加质量法建立了风电塔有限元模型, 对平均水深条件和极端高潮位条件下的风电塔结构进行了动力分析,并研究了冲刷效应影响下风电塔结构的自振特性。结果表明:仅考虑潮位变化引起的动水压力对结构的动力响应影响并不大,各项动力性能指标变化均在5%以内;冲刷导致的海床上覆土层的变化将影响到结构的自振周期,进而可能导致风电塔附加振动。
  关键词:地震响应;海上风电塔;潮位;动水压力;附加质量法;潮间带
  中图分类号:TU473.1文献标志码:A
  Earthquake Response Analysis of Inservice Offshore Wind Towers
  Considering Effects of Tide Level and Hydrodynamic PressureSONG Bo1,2, LI Jiren1,2, WANG Hailong1,2, LIN Yichong2,3
  (1. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083,
  China; 2. Beijing International Cooperation Base for Science and Technology on Aseismic Research of Rail
  Transit Engineering in Strong Motion Area, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing
  100083, China; 3. China Harbour Engineering Company Ltd., Beijing 100027, China)Abstract: In order to assess the dynamic characteristics of the inservice wind tower structures in intertidal zone under earthquake action, taking a 1 000 MW offshore wind tower in intertidal zone as study object, the earthquake response of the wind tower was analyzed by considering tide level and hydrodynamic pressure. The finite element model of wind tower was established, and the dynamic analyses of structure in mean water depth condition and extreme high tide level condition were carried, and the natural vibration characteristics of wind tower effected by scouring effect were analyzed. The results show that the dynamic response of the structure caused by hydrodynamic pressure is not obvious. The changes of dynamic performance indicators are within 5%. The scour will cause the change of soil thickness and lead to the change of dynamic characteristics, which may affect additional vibration of wind towers.
  Key words: earthquake response; offshore wind tower; tide level; hydrodynamic pressure; added mass method; intertidal zone
  0引言
  中国沿海地区滩涂面积广阔,海岸滩涂可分为潮上带、潮间带以及潮下带。对于建于潮间带的海上风电塔,由于大多位于淤泥场地,其服役环境较陆上恶劣,受波浪、潮流以及地震荷载激励下动水压力等各种因素的影响,因此保障海上风电设施结构的安全性成为制约海上风电发展的关键问题。
  近年来,大型化已成为风电塔结构发展的重要趋势。由于海上风电塔处于复杂的环境区域,并受诸多因素的共同影响,导致了结构整体的附加振动,改变了结构的自振周期,使得地震作用下海上风电塔结构体系的破坏现象与损伤机理更为复杂。
  围绕动水压力作用下结构基础地震响应、动力相互作用以及计算理论方法等,各国学者开展了理论分析与数值模拟仿真等相关研究。杨万理等[1]研究了动水压力对连续刚构桥梁地震响应的影响。张国明等[2]研究了动水压力对深水桥梁性能设计的影响。杨庸[3]建立了嘉陵江大桥的连续刚构设计方案有限元模型,基于Morison修正公式,用附加质量模拟动水压力,对比了不同工况下桥梁的自振特性,研究表明,动水压力对高桩承台深水墩连续刚构桥梁影响较大,不可忽略。Chopra等[45]在考虑土、水与结构相互作用的基础上,提出了水平地震作用下计算塔式结构动水附加质量的有效方法。白志刚等[6]基于水动力学模型模拟了风、浪、流的耦合作用。李富荣等[7]分析了地震动作用下动水压力对单柱式桥墩的墩顶相对墩底位移、加速度、剪力和弯矩反应的影响,并探讨了水位对单柱式桥墩地震反应特性的影响。田树刚等[8]考虑流固耦合效应,采用有限元方法对近海风电支撑体系的自振频率和振型进行了计算分析。
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