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高温胁迫下不同防御处理对水稻生长和产量的影响

来源:用户上传      作者:张宇 许莹 黄国桂 童应祥

  摘要 以水稻“96816”为试验材料,在水稻遭遇高温的孕穗期对其进行喷淋、喷施叶面肥和灌水处理,研究不同处理对水稻生长和产量的影响。结果表明,不同处理下水稻地上部干物重明显高于对照,不同处理地上部干物重由高到低依次为喷水处理、喷肥处理、灌水处理、CK;不同处理的水稻千粒重存在明显差异,千粒重由高到低依次规律为喷水处理、灌水处理、喷肥处理、CK;以产量为指标分析发现,不同处理的水稻产量依次为喷水处理、喷肥处理、灌水处理、CK。虽然不同处理都可以减轻水稻受高温的伤害,但喷水处理对水稻应对高温热害胁迫的效果要优于喷肥和灌水处理。
  关键词 高温;水稻;喷水;灌水;喷肥
  中图分类号 S 511文献标识码 A
  文章编号 0517-6611(2019)23-0019-02
  doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2019.23.007
  开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):
  Effects of Different Defense Treatments on Rice Growth and Yield under High Temperature Stress
  ZHANG Yu1, XU Ying2, HUANG Guo gui1 et al
  (1.Shouxian Meteorological Bureau, Shouxian, Anhui 232200;2.Agricultural Meteorological Center of Anhui Province, Hefei,Anhui 230031)
  Abstract With rice variety 96816 as the research materials, we carried out spraying water, spraying fertilizer and irrigating water treatments under high temperature at rice booting stage. The effects of different treatments on rice growth and yield were researched.Results showed that the above ground dry matter weight of rice under three different treatments were significantly higher than that of the control, which were in the order of spraying water, spraying fertilizer, irrigating water and CK. There were obvious differences in 1 000-grain weight of rice under three treatments, which were in the order of spraying water, irrigating water, spraying fertilizer, CK. Based on the yield analysis, it was found that the yield of rice under three treatments was in the order of spraying water, spraying fertilizer, irrigating water and CK. Although the three treatments could alleviate the rice damage caused by high temperature, the effect of spraying water treatment was better than spraying fertilizer and irrigating water.
  Key words High temperature;Rice;Spraying water;Irrigating water;Spraying fertilizer
  温度是影响水稻生长和产量形成的重要气象因子之一,水稻在不同的生育期对环境温度的要求不同,适宜的温度有利于水稻的生长发育,当环境温度超过或低于其生育期最适温度要求时,就会对水稻的生长发育、产量构成及其品质造成严重影响[1-2]。目前全球气候变化已成为人类所面临的一个重大环境和科学问题,随着温室效益的增加,气温逐渐升高已成为难以逆转的趋势[3]。近年来,随着全球气温逐渐升高,异常高温天气频繁出现[4-7]。气候变暖导致极端高温的强度和频率增加,持续时间延长等[8]。从发育过程来看,高温胁迫对水稻的生长发育的影响主要表现在生殖生长期,即孕穗、抽穗扬花期[9]。处于孕穗和抽穗扬花期的水稻,遭遇连续3 d及以上日平均气温≥30 ℃且日最高气温≥35 ℃的高温热害时,水稻花粉的活力下降、结实率降低,最終对水稻产量造成损失[2]。国内外已广泛开展了高温水稻产量影响的研究,但是针对高温热害发生时的应对处理措施方面鲜见研究报道。鉴于此,笔者以水稻“96816”为试验材料,在水稻高温热害发生时以无防御处理为对照,分别进行喷水、喷施叶面肥(简称喷肥)和灌水3种处理,旨在寻求合理的防御措施,减轻高温胁迫对水稻生长发育的影响,为防御水稻高温热害提供参考和指导。
  1 材料与方法
  1.1 试验地概况
  试验于2017年5—10月在安徽省淮南市寿县国家气候观象台农业气象试验场地进行。该地土壤质地为壤土,土壤肥力中等偏上,生产力水平中等。自然状况下可以代表当地平均生产水平。
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