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考虑尺度效应具损伤微板的坍塌特性分析

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   摘   要:基于Kirchhoff板理论和修正偶应力理论,研究具损伤弹性微板的坍塌特性,推导了微板的动力学方程并采用伽辽金法进行求解,分析了损伤变量、特征尺度参数、微板与固定电极之间的距离和边缘场对坍塌电压的影响. 为了验证模型的合理性,将本文所得结果与文献结果进行了对比. 数值结果表明:结构损伤会减小坍塌电压;而尺度效应会增大坍塌电压;微板与固定电极之间的距离越大,坍塌电压也越大;边缘场的存在对坍塌电压有微弱的影响. 本文所得结论对微机电系统微板结构的设计和应用提供一定的理论指导.
   关键词:微机电系统;微板;坍塌;尺度效应;损伤效应
   中图分类号:O345                                 文献标志码:A
   Abstract:Based on the Kirchhoff plate theory and the modified couple stress theory (MCST),this work focuses on the pull-in phenomena of elastic micro-plates with damage. The dynamic governing equation of the micro-plate was derived and then solved via Galerkin method. The effect of damage variable,length scale parameter,initial gap and fringing filed on pull-in voltage of the micro-plate was discussed in detail. Moreover,the reliability of present model was validated by comparing results obtained in this study and the literatures. Numerical results show that damage effect decreases pull-in voltage while size effect increases it; large initial gap results in large pull-in voltage and fringing field has slight influence on it. This research is helpful and useful in electrostatically actuated microstructures applications and provides a theoretical foundation for designers and engineers.
   Key words:Micro Electro Mechanical System(MEMS);micro-plate;pull-in;size effect;damage effect
  微機电系统(MEMS)因其优越的性能而被广泛应用于通讯、航空航天、生物医学等领域. 微板结构是MEMS中主要的结构之一,其主要应用于微泵、微镜和微麦克风等. 然而,MEMS微板尺寸微小,在工作的过程中抵抗外界因素如:温度[1]、湿度[2]和微结构之间的微观力[3-4]影响的能力较差,微板结构会与固定极板发生吸合现象,简称坍塌(Pull-in)[5]. 近年来国内外学者对微结构的坍塌现象进行了研究并取得了一定的成果. 陈昌萍等[6]研究了压电层合微梁的静力坍塌特性,并分析了控制电压对坍塌电压的影响. Sadeghian等[7]采用微分求积法和伽辽金法对夹支梁的坍塌不稳定性进行了分析和对比. 考虑几何非线性,Ghayesh等[8]和Farokhi等[9]研究了静力驱动微板结构微机电系统的坍塌特性和非线性动力特性. 基于修正偶应力理论,Kazemi等[10]研究了层合压电微板的非线性坍塌不稳定性.
   以上研究主要基于经典弹性理论,研究表明微结构具有尺度效应[11].另外,MEMS器件在恶劣的环境下工作也会出现结构损伤,而目前以具损伤微板结构为对象的研究成果很少见. 本文以具损伤弹性微板为研究对象,讨论了尺度效应、边缘场效应等因素对微板坍塌电压的影响.
  表2给出了边缘场效应对坍塌电压的影响. 由表2可以看出,考虑边缘场效应时的坍塌电压比不考虑边缘场效应时的坍塌电压略小. 从电场力的表达式(式(20))可知,边缘场效应会提供微结构额外的电场力作用,因此考虑边缘场效应时的坍塌电压会略微减小.
  3   结  论
   本文通过数值计算对夹支微板在电场力作用下坍塌特性进行分析,并将所得结果与文献结果进行了对比,验证了本文模型的合理性,讨论了损伤效应、尺度效应、边缘场效应以及初始间距对微板坍塌电压的影响. 研究结果表明,损伤效应会减小坍塌电压,而尺度效应会增大坍塌电压,坍塌电压会随着初始间距的增大而大幅增加,考虑边缘效应时坍塌电压会稍微减小但变化不大. 本文所得结果对电致驱动微板结构设计具有一定的指导意义.
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