不能变为被动语态的主动语态

来源:用户上传      作者: 张宝国　张志斌

　　在英语中，被动语态的使用频率远不及主动语态的使用频率高，但被动语态的构成、用法及主动语态与被动语态的相互转换，是初中英语学习中的一项重要内容，也是中考必考的语法项目之一，因此，同学们必须加以重视。但是，并非所有带宾语的主动语态的句子都能转换成被动语态。为使同学们更详尽、系统地了解这一点，现加以归纳，供同学们参考。
　　1. 谓语是不及物动词时，不能用被动语态。例如：
　　The story happened many years ago.
　　误：Many years ago was happened by the story.
　　2. 表示静态的及物动词cost，fit，hold，know，last等作谓语时，不宜用被动语态。例如：
　　The coat fits her so well.
　　误：She is fitted so well by the coat.
　　3. 谓语动词为have或has，且意为“有”时，不宜用被动语态。例如：
　　She has a pen.
　　误：A pen is had by her.
　　 4. become，get，look，smell，taste，turn等作连系动词构成系表结构时，不能用被动语态。例如：
　　He looks fine.
　　误：Fine is looked by him.
　　5. 宾语是行为者身上的部位或器官时，不能用被动语态。例如：
　　The little boy cut his finger.
　　误：His finger was cut by the little boy.
　　6. 在意义上不能拆开的固定搭配的词组或短语作谓语时，不宜用被动语态。例如：
　　①She caught a cold yesterday.
　　误：A cold was caught by her yesterday.
　　②He made a face.
　　误：A face was made by him.
　　7. 宾语是相互代词、反身代词时，不宜用被动语态。例如：
　　①We should help each other.
　　误：Each other should be helped by us.
　　②I enjoyed myself in the park.
　　误：Myself was enjoyed in the park.
　　8. 宾语是名词词组，且被一个与主语相对应的物主代词所限定时，不宜用被动语态。例如：
　　The girl put on her coat.
　　误：Her coat was put on by the girl.
　　9. 宾语是机关、团体或组织机构的名称时，不宜用被动语态。例如：
　　My brother joined the army last year.
　　误：The army was joined by my brother last year.
　　10. 宾语是表示处所、地点或方位的名词时，不宜用被动语态。例如：
　　①He reached Tianjin yesterday.
　　误：Tianjinwas reached by him yesterday.
　　②She went to Beijing last month.
　　误：Beijing was gone to by her last month.
　　11. 宾语是表示数量、大小、长度等的词时，不宜用被动语态。例如：
　　We walked ten kilometres yesterday.
　　误：Ten kilometres was walked by us yesterday.
　　12. 宾语是动词不定式（短语）或动名词（短语）时，不宜用被动语态。例如：
　　①He hoped to be back soon.
　　误：To be back was hoped by him soon.
　　②She enjoys playing football.
　　误：Playing football is enjoyed by her.
　　13. 宾语是从句时，很少用被动语态。例如：
　　I don’t think he is right.
　　误：He is right isn’t thought by me.
　　但有些动词和宾语可用以下方法处理：
　　They say that he is a good teacher.
　　→It is said that he is a good teacher.
　　或He is said to be a good teacher.
　　14. 有些不及物动词，如dance，die， laugh，live，run，sleep，smile等，后面可以跟一个与它同源的宾语，含有这类动词和宾语的句子也不宜用被动语态。例如：
　　①He lives a happy life.
　　误：A happy life is lived by him.
　　②She ran the 400-metre race yesterday.
　　误：The 400-metre race was run by her yesterday.

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