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英语写作中的“身体”

来源:用户上传      作者: 朱显愿

  许多同学无论在说英语还是写英语时,一看到“身体”两字,很可能只会联想到 body。但事实上,汉语中说的“身体”,在英语中有时可以用 body 来表示,有时是不能用 body 来表示的。具体说来,应注意以下几点:
  一、表示相对于精神(mind, spirit, soul)的“身体”,可用 body 来表示。如:
  You can imprison my body but not my mind. 你可以禁锢我的身体,但不能禁锢我的精神。
  His body is old but his mind is young. 他虽然老了,但心还很年轻。
  注:要表示汉语中的“身心”,英语通常说成 body and mind,其词序可以颠倒,即也可说成 mind and body。如:
  The girl is pure in body and mind. 这姑娘身心纯洁。
  He feels weary in body and mind. 他感到身心疲劳。
  She is sound in body and mind [mind and body]. 她身心健康。
  另外注意,body and soul 也可连用构成习语,不过其意不是“身心”,而是“全心全意地”“完完全全地”,在句中用作副词。如:
  He loves her body and soul. 他真心实意爱她。
  He does his work body and soul. 他全心全意地工作。
  二、侧重指躯体、躯干等,也可用 body 表示。如:
  My body was all aches and pains. 我浑身疼痛。
  He wore clothes to keep his body warm. 他穿衣服以暖和身子。
  He was badly burned on the face and body. 他的脸部和身上都被严重烧伤。
  Aspirin is quickly absorbed by [into] the body. 阿司匹林很快被身体吸收了。
  The body quickly adjusts (itself) to changes in temperature. 身体迅速(自行)调节以适应气温的变化。
  三、表示健康状况的“身体”,一般不能直接用 body,可改用其他说法(如用 health, healthy, fit, well 等)。如:
  He is in good health. / He is healthy. 他身体健康。
  Keep healthy, study well and work well. 身体好,学习好,工作好。
  What matters most is good health. 最要紧的是有个好的身体。
  You should pay more attention to your health. 你要更注意身体。
  If you took more exercise, you might feel healthier. 如果你多锻炼,你可能会感到身体更好。
  I do a lot of walking, which keeps me fit. 我经常走路,这使我保持身体健康。
  If you were in better health, we’d have let you go with us. 你要是身体好一点,我们就让你和我们一道去了。
  注:汉语中的“身体”,某些情况下在英语中无需用特定的词来表达,可考虑将其隐在一定的上下文中。如:
  Take care of yourselves. 希望你们注意身体。
  How do you feel? / How are you feeling? 你身体感觉怎么样?
  How have you been keeping? 你的身体一向如何?
  I’ll look in this evening to see how she is.我今晚去探望她一下,看她身体如何。
  I’ve got my medical (examination) on Thursday. 我星期四进行了身体检查。
  Being well taken care of, she recovered quickly. 她受到很好的照顾,身体恢复得很快。
  (编辑 周贞雄)


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