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心理护理干预在产前抑郁初产妇中的实践研究

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   【摘要】 目的:探讨心理护理干预在产前抑郁初产妇中的应用价值。方法:将80例产前抑郁初产妇纳入本次研究中,病例资料入选时间2017年10月-2018年10月,将所有研究对象按照盲选方法随机分成两组,其中对照组(n=40)给予常规护理,在此基础上干预组(n=40)加强心理护理干预,评估护理效果。结果:护理后两组焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分及抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分均有所下降,且干预组评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组剖宫产率及新生儿窒息发生率均高于干预组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组Ⅱ、Ⅲ级疼痛率明显高于干预组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在产前抑郁初产妇的临床护理中加强心理护理干预,有利于缓解初产妇的不良情绪,减轻分娩疼痛,同时可降低剖宫产率和减少新生儿窒息的发生风险,对改善妊娠结局和保障母婴健康有重要意义。
   【关键词】 心理护理干预; 产前抑郁; 初产妇; 剖宫产; 新生儿窒息
   doi:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2019.17.031 文献标识码 B 文章编号 1674-6805(2019)17-00-02
   【Abstract】 Objective:To explore the value of psychological nursing intervention in primipara of antenatal depression.Method:Eighty patients with antenatal depression were included in this study.The case data were selected from October 2017 to October 2018.All the subjects were randomly divided into two groups according to the blind selection method,and the control group(n=40) was given routine nursing care.On this basis,the intervention group(n=40) was given psychological nursing intervention,and the nursing effect was evaluated.Result:Both the anxiety self-rating scale(SAS) score and the self-rating depression scale (SDS) scores of the two groups were decreased after treatment,and the scores of the intervention group were lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).The cesarean section rate and the incidence of neonatal asphyxia in the control group were higher than those in the intervention group(P<0.05).The pain rate of grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ in the control group was significantly higher than that in the intervention group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Strengthening psychological nursing intervention in the clinical nursing of primipara with antenatal depression is helpful to alleviate the unhealthy mood of primipara and relieve the pain of delivery.It can also reduce the rate of cesarean section and the risk of neonatal asphyxia.It is of great significance to improve pregnancy outcomes and ensure the health of mothers and infants.
   【Key words】 Psychological nursing intervention; Prenatal depression; Primipara; Cesarean section; Neonatal asphyxia
   First-author’s address:Chongqing Southeast Hospital,Chongqing 400060,China
   產前抑郁是近年来现代女性常见的孕期心理疾病,尤其是初产妇的产前抑郁发生率更高,这主要是由于初产妇缺乏直接的生产体验,过于担心母体和胎儿(新生儿)的健康,从而产生恐惧、抑郁等不良情绪[1]。产前抑郁可导致产妇在孕期出现食欲不振、精神焦虑、睡眠障碍及中枢神经系统功能紊乱等表现,从而增加产后妊娠并发症发生率,严重影响母婴健康[2-3]。因此临床给予产前抑郁初产妇有效的心理护理措施对提高妊娠分娩质量和保障母婴健康有重要的意义[4]。对此,本文开展深入探讨,详情如下。
  1 资料与方法
  1.1 一般资料
   本次研究入选的80例产前抑郁初产妇均来自笔者所在医院,研究范围2017年10月-2018年10月。纳入标准:均为初产妇,均为单胎妊娠;无妊娠合并症或并发症。排除标准:意识不清,不能正常使用语言交流;神经系统疾病;家属不能积极配合。按照盲选方法将所有研究对象随机分成两组,其中对照组(n=40)年龄21~29岁,平均(25.1±1.7)岁;孕周38~40周,平均(39.2±0.8)周。干预组(n=40)年龄20~30岁,平均(24.7±1.6)岁;孕周38.2~40周,平均(39.3±0.7)周。两组一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。所有患者均签署知情同意书。
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