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高中英语典型错误100例(3)

来源:用户上传      作者: 蒋小青

  22. 很多本来可以获救的人却死了。
  误:A lot of men died who could be saved.
  正: A lot of men died who could have been saved.
  析:对过去情况进行推测,要在情态动词后接完成式,而不能接一般式。有时含有责备或后悔之意。又如:
  You could [might] have made greater progress. 你的进步本来可以更大一些的。
  23. 你最好带些钱,以防万一。
  误:You’d better carry some money for case.
  正:You’d better carry some money in case.
  析:in case 通常用作连词,用以引导状语从句,但有时也可单独使用,起副词作用,意为“以防万一”,不过这种用法常可与其连词用法转换,如上面一句也可说成 You’d better carry some money in case you need it. 注意:for case 不合英语表达习惯。
  24. 你上班睡觉最好不要让老板逮住。
  误:You’d better not let the boss catch you to sleep at work.
  正:You’d better not let the boss catch you sleeping at work.
  析:表示意外地碰上某人在做某事,用 catch sb doing sth。
  25. 这部照相机不够好,我想换一部。
  误:The camera isn’t good enough;I want to change another.
  正:The camera isn’t good enough;I want to change it (for another).
  析:这里说的“换一部”,其实是指用一部照相机去换另一部照相机,所以用 change sth for sth else 这一句型。又如:
  You had better change that shirt for a large one. 你最好把那件衬衣去换件大号的。
  26. 我们写信祝贺她当选为劳模。
  误:We wrote to congratulate her to be chosen as a modern worker.
  正:We wrote to congratulate her on being chosen as a modern worker.
  析:congratulate(祝贺)不接不定式的复合结构作宾语。记住常用句型 congratulate sb on [upon] (doing) sth。
  27. 据说新铁路正在修建当中。
  误:It’s said that the new railway is under the construction.
  正:It’s said that the new railway is under construction.
  析:under construction 是习语,意为“在建设中”“在兴建中”,中间不用冠词。类似的习语还有:under discussion 在讨论中 / under fire 在炮火中 / under examination 在检查(调查)中 / under consideration 在考虑中 / under repair 在修理中 / under medical treatment 在治疗中 / under attack 受到袭击 / under study 在研究中 / under review 在检查中。
  28. 我怎样与你联系?
  误:How can I contact with you?
  正:How can I contact you?
  析:contact 是及物动词,其意为“与……联系”,不要按汉语意思在其后误加介词 with。注:contact 的宾语除了是人外,也可以是地点,如:
  I just contacted his office direct. 我刚才直接跟他办公室联系了。
  29. 如果你感到方便的话,我就来。
  误:I’ll come if you are convenient.
  正:I’ll come if it is convenient for [to] you.
  析:convenient 的实际意思是“使人感到方便的”,而不是“感觉到方便的”,所以不要按汉语意思将 be convenient 的主语用“人”充当。比较:
  Railway is convenient. 铁路方便。
  Traveling is convenient for people, where there are railways. 哪里有铁路,哪里的人旅行就方便。
  30. 这座教堂是1176年建的。
  误:The church was dated back to [dated from] 1176.
  正:The church dates back to [dates from] 1176.
  析:date back to 或 date from 两者意义相同,均指“自某时起存在至今”(=have existed since),两者均不能用于被动语态。顺便说一句,这类句子通常用一般现在时,而不用一般过去时,除非所谈论的主体现在已不复存在。如:The church, which dated back to the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago.那座教堂是13世纪建成的,两年前在一次地震中被毁了。(编辑 周贞雄)


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